The wheel will subject longitudinal forces when the train accelerating or decelerating,and the damages of wheel become more severe as the increase of longitudinal force,of which the wear of wheel become the issue that urgent need to study.Varied longitudinal forces were set on a JD1 wheel/rail simulation facility by a magnetic powder brake to study the effect of longitudinal forces on the wear character of railway wheel.The results indicate that the weight loss of wheel specimens is increased with the increasing of longitudinal forces.Evident oxidizing occurs on the worn surface of wheel specimens and the oxygen content of worn surface has a trend of increase with the increasing of longitudinal forces.With the increasing of longitudinal force,the amount of surface cracks in scar is increased,while the length of it is decreased.The wear debris of specimens produced during the test procedures is all in plate shape,whose shape size is independent with the test condition.The wear debris in plate shape manifests that the material loss of specimens at worn surface is dominant by delamination wear.