Based on RtecMFT3000 multifunctional friction and wear tester,an online acoustic emission signal detecting device for carbon steel grinding process was designed.Different grinding conditions were set up to investigate the change rules of characteristic parameters of acoustic emission signal during carbon steel grinding process.The mathematical model of the mean value of material removal and the amplitude of acoustic emission signal was established by linear regression analysis method.The results show that,at the same condition,with the increasing of grinding pressure and rotational speed,the mean values of acoustic emission ringing counts and energy of acoustic emission signal are increased,and the rotational speed has more significant influence on the parameters of acoustic emission signal.The online monitoring of material removal can be achieved by measuring the acoustic emission signal amplitude.The model established can predict the material removal in a given range of grinding conditions.