Effecting factors of preparing quaternary ammonium bentonite grease including sodium modification,organic modification and treatment process were examined with Cabentonite as raw materials.The relationship of layer structure of the organic bentonite with its lubrication properties was analyzed.The results show that the optimum conditions of high quality quaternary ammonium bentonite grease are that adding amount of octadearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride 10CEC (cationexchange capacity),the ratio of bentonite to liquid 1∶〖KG-*4〗10,the ratio of modifier to liquid 1∶〖KG-*4〗10,the adding amount of Na2CO3 3%,adding amount of phosphate acid 5%,sodium modification temperature 60 ℃,sodium modification time 30 min,organic modification temperature 80 ℃,organic modification time 60 min,filtration washing 4 times,adding 800 mL water solution every time,crushing and sieving 200 mesh.There exists no direct connection between changes of bentonite layer spacing and that of bentonite grease consistency.Two kinds of bentonite grease prepared by selfmodified organic bentonite and commercial organic bentonite grease have equally good properties with high temperature performance and good colloidal stability.