A resin matrix composite was prepared by modifying with rare earth(RE)compound and using bamboo fiber as reinforcing phase. The effect of load and rotating speed on the tribological performance of RE compound modified com- posite under oil lubrication condition,and the effect of RE compound modification on the tribological performance of com- posite were studied by ring-block friction and wear tests. The tribological properties of the composite under dry friction and oil lubrication were compared. The wear mechanism was analyzed by observation of the worn surface morphology. The experimental results show that under the condition of oil lubrication,the friction coefficient and wear rate are increased with the increasing of load. Under the heaver load,the friction coefficient is increased first and then decreased with the increas- ing of the rotating speed,while the wear rate is increased gradually. The modification of the RE compound makes the inter- face between the bamboo fiber and the matrix more tight,and the friction coefficient is improved while the wear rate is reduced. Under the action of oil lubrication,the wear mechanism of the sample is changed from abrasive wear and fatigue wear during dry friction into slight fatigue wear,and the boundary oil lubrication contributes to the lower friction coefficient and wear rate compared with the dry friction.