The liquid resistance and flow rate of the viscous oil film in hydrostatic bearings will change by the combined action of shear force and compression force,resulting in unstable heat dissipation capacity of the oil film.Increasing the oil film flow resistance and reducing the flow velocity can effectively improve the heat dissipation capacity of the oil film.To increase fluid disturbance and thereby enhance heat transfer,different microstructures,such as rectangle,triangle,ellipse,were machined on the working surface of the hydrostatic bearing.The influence of the microstructures on the oil film flow velocity of bearing working surfaces at different span,depth and spacing by numerical simulation,and the effective range of the viscous oil film drag enhancement was obtained.The results show that based on the influence of changes in depth,span,and spacing of microstructures on oil film resistance,rectangular microstructure has the most obvious resistance enhancement effect,followed by elliptical microstructure,and triangular microstructure has the worst resistance enhancement effect.When the spacing between microstructures varies singly,only rectangular microstructures can reduce the average velocity of the flow field.Therefore,the rectangular microstructures can plays the role of resistance increase and deceleration,and the optimal spacing range for drag increase and deceleration is from 0.01 mm to 0.04 mm.