The numerical correlation of bearing parameters with stability and bearing capacity has always been the basis of air bearing design. The nonlinear behavior of bearing system stability under large disturbance is extremely difficult to characterize and quantify. Based on the simulation of aerodynamic equations, the dynamic response characteristics of spiral groove thrust bearings are studied by introducing the pressure difference disturbance of artificial inlet reasonably. The results show that with the increase of disturbance intensity, the dynamic response of the bearing aerodynamic bearing capacity and the input of artificial disturbance appear functional differences, which is the bifurcation point of instability. By changing the bearing spiral groove configuration, the difference of dynamic response can be effectively improved, which can have a positive impact on the elimination of instability behavior. The research results can provide a meaningful reference for bearing design.