Roller is an important part of belt conveyor and easy to wear, and the failure of roller seal is an important reason leading to the failure and replacement of roller, so it is of great significance to study the polymer roller seal material with excellent mechanical properties, low friction and wear resistance. In this paper, PEEK/PTFE composites were prepared by mechanical mixing and die molding using polyether ether ketone (PEEK) as matrix and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as reinforcement phase. The mechanical properties, friction and wear properties of PEEK/PTFE composites under different working conditions were investigated, and the friction and wear mechanism of PEEK/PTFE composites was revealed. The results showed that the hardness and compressive strength of the PEEK composites were reduced with the addition of PTFE, and the creep properties was improved. PTFE as a solid lubricant can effectively improved the friction and wear properties of PEEK composite. When the mass fraction of PTFE was 15%, the friction coefficient and wear rate of PEEK/PTFE composite were the lowest. The friction and wear properties of PEEK/PTFE composites were obviously dependent on the working conditions (speed, load, lubrication conditions). With the increase of rotational speed, the friction coefficient and wear rate of PEEK/PTFE composite material increased first and then decreased, and the friction coefficient and wear amount were the lowest at 600r/min. With the increase of load, the friction coefficient of the PEEK/PTFE composite decreased first and then increased, and the wear rate increased first and then decreased. When the load was 30N, the friction coefficient was higher than that of 20N, but the wear rate was the lowest. Grease significantly reduced the friction coefficient and wear rate of PEEK/PTFE composite materials, and the greater the load, the lower the friction coefficient and wear rate.